Health Master Extreme Package
Package Of Over 185 Diet, Weight Loss, Health And Fitness Ebooks Including All Natural Cures And Remedies For Many Common Health Problems! This Information Shows You How To Lose Weight, Get Fit, Get Healthy And Be In The Best Shape Of Your Life!
Health Master Extreme Package

Nutrition by Natalie Whole Foods, Health and Weight Loss How whole foods can help your health and help you lose weight. Processed foods like fast food can make you fat and cause health problems. A whole foods diet will ensure you get the nutrition you need.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

I guess I need a good multi-vitamin?

Best answer:

Answer by beenthere2andback
I would start with your omega oils .. if you take vitamins… get good ones and digestive enzymes help you to get the most from the food you eat… Vitamin shoppe seems to carry a good brand… Lots of good one… I use DR Shultze … you can call 1-800 herb-doc for a catalog.. they are free and have alot of wonderful info in them…..Good luck : )

What do you think? Answer below!

Is Bread Killing You? Gluten Intolerance, Nutrition Health Radhia Psyhetruth
Video Rating: 4 / 5

Important Dietitian, Nutrition, Health, And Medical Terms Defined

Important Dietitian, Nutrition, Health, and Medical Terms Defined

2005 US Dietary Guidelines key message- 1) Adequate nutrients within calorie needs, weight management, physical activity, and encourage eating fruits and vegetables. 2) Fats- consume less than 10% of calories from saturated fat and less than 300 mg/day of cholesterol, and keep trans fat consumption as low as possible. 3) Carbohydrates- choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. 4) Sodium and potassium- consume less than 2, 300 mg of sodium per day. 5) Alcohol- one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men is good moderation. 6) Food safety- clean hands, food contact surfaces, and fruits and vegetables. Do not rinse or wash meat and poultry.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) – a range of intakes for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients.

Active immunity- if you had mumps as a kid, you will not get it again because memory cells against mumps are continuously circulating throughout your body. Vaccinations allow you to develop active immunity artificially.

Adequate Intake (AI) - a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people.

Alcohol- Bad effects- Alcohol exerts a toxin that effects enterocytes (intestinal cells) and hepatocytes (liver cells). Increased risk of breast cancer among women. Hypertension and high blood pressure can be increased with drinking. Higher rate of hemorrhagic strokes due to cranial bleeding. Increases the risk of obesity. Can affect us hard when taking over the counter drugs. Drinking may inhibit intellect, impair memory, and increase the risk of alcohol addiction. Drinking can lead to complications such as coma, fatal and nonfatal motor vehicle accidents, sexual assaults, and arrests for disorderly conduct. Damages the liver through hepatitis and cirrhosis, leads to malnutrition, and causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Good effects- Moderate alcohol consumption reduces stress, tension, anxiety, and self-consciousness while enhancing sociability and self-confidence. Has been linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease for several decades. Alcohol increases serum levels of protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and may blunt the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells. Also blunts platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of abnormal thrombosis or clot formation. Red wines promote having an enhanced cardio protective effect. This could be because of the flavonoids found in wines including resveratrol. Resveratrol is a potent phenolic antioxidant found in red wines as well as grapes and nuts.

Alcohol that equals one drink- One drink= 1.5 oz. distilled spirits, 4-5 oz. wine, 10 oz. wine cooler, or 12 oz. beer.

Anabolism- the process of making new molecules from smaller ones and requires energy.

Antioxidants- compounds that protect cells from the damage caused by oxidation (free radicals). Mechanism of specific antioxidants:Vitamin E- protects lipids from free-radical damage. Vitamin C- scavenges free radicals; regenerates vitamin E after it has been oxidized. Beta-carotene- scavenges free radicals, protects our LDLs from oxidation. Vitamin A- under investigation as an antioxidant. Selenium- part of the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme system.

Appetite- a psychological desire to consume specific foods.

Beta-oxidation- aerobic breakdown of fatty acids leading to end products of water, carbon dioxide, and ATP.

Biotin- organ meats, egg yolks, soybeans, fish, and whole grains.

Biotin deficiency- hair thinning, loss of hair color, red rash on face.

Blood components- Erythrocytes- red blood cells for transporting oxygen through the body. Leukocytes- white blood cells of the immune system. Platelets- cell fragments that assist in blood clotting. Plasma- the fluid portion of the blood.

Blood volume regulation- fluid accounts for blood volume. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine. Renin responds to decreased blood pressure, angiotensin II raise blood pressure, aldosterone signals the kidneys to retain sodium and chloride, thereby retaining water.

Body’s composition- Body composition for a 130 pound female- 58% water, 23% fat, 14% protein, and 5% minerals. Body composition for a 160 pound male- 62% water, 15% fat, 17% protein, and 6% minerals.

Bolus- the mass of food that has been chewed and moistened in the mouth.

B6 deficiency- anemia, inflamed irritated patched on the skin, depression, confusion, abnormal brain wave pattern, convulsions, all involve either skin, blood, or nerve tissues.

B6 Toxicity- with supplements of B6. Supplements have been used to treat PMS and carpal tunnel syndrome. Nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to an inability to walk and convulsions, skin lesions.

Calorie- a unit of measurement equal to one kilocalorie; sometimes used in food labels and elsewhere with a lowercase “C” to represent the unit of kilocalorie.

Cancer- a group of diseases characterized by cells that reproduce spontaneously and independently and may invade other tissues and organs. Risk factors include tobacco use, sun exposure, nutrition, environmental and occupational exposures, and your level of physical activity. Be proactive against cancer by getting antioxidants (including vitamins E, C, A, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids and minerals such as selenium), dietary fiber, phytochemicals, phytoestrogens, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Carbohydrates- energy. Begin digestion in the mouth and end from pancreatic amylase in the small intestine. The site of absorption for all macronutrients is in the small intestine.

Cardiovascular disease- smoking, hypertension, high blood level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, low blood levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, family history of CVD (males before age 55, females before age 65), and being postmenopausal in women. Certain antioxidants specifically vitamin E and lycopene work in a variety of ways that reduce damage to vessels, which reduces the risk for a heart attack or stroke. The nutrients decrease risk by scavenging free radicals, reducing low-grade inflammation, and reducing blood coagulation and the formation of clots. Other compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can reduce our risk of CVD. Examples include soluble fiber, dietary fiber, and folate.

Catabolism- the breakdown or degradation of larger molecules to smaller molecules and it releases energy.

Cholesterol- animal products.

Choline- milk, liver, eggs, and peanuts.

Choline deficiency- can lead to fat accumulation in the liver.

Choline toxicity- can result from supplements and results in a fishy body odor.

Chromium- mushrooms, prunes, dark chocolate, nuts, whole grains, and asparagus.

Chromium deficiency- inhibits glucose absorption by body cells, and interferes with insulin synthesis.

Chyme- semi fluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices.

Complete proteins- come from an animal.

Complex carbohydrates- flour, starch, whole grains.

Condensation- an anabolic process by which smaller, chemically simple compounds are joined with the removal of water.

Cori cycle- conversion of glucose to lactate to glucose.

Dehydration- depletion of body fluid that results when fluid excretion exceeds fluid intake. Commonly results from heavy exercise or exposure to high environmental temperatures, when the body loses a lot of water through increased sweating and breathing. Elderly are at higher risk because they have a lower total amount of body water, and their thirst mechanism is less effective. Infants are at a higher risk as well because they excrete urine more often, cannot tell us when they are thirsty, and have a greater ratio of body surface area to body core.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI’s) – a set of nutritional reference values for the United States and Canada that apply to healthy people. The DRIs for most nutrients consist of four values: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

Electrolytes- electrolytes 1) help regulate fluid balance, 2) help nerves respond to stimuli, and 3) signal our muscles to contract. 1) Electrolytes help regulate fluid balance- water follows movement of electrolytes, moving by osmosis where concentration of electrolytes is high and this allows for the movement of fluids in and out of cells. 2) Help nerves respond to stimuli- movements of Na+ and K+ across the membranes of nerves cells changes electrical charge, and this change carries nerve impulses along the nerve cell. 3) Signal our muscle to contract- movement of calcium (Ca++) into a muscle stimulates it to contract. Muscles relax after electrical signal is complete and calcium is pumped out of the muscle.

Electrolytes’ functions- mineral salts include sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorous. When these salts dissolve in water the two component minerals separate and form electrically charged particles called ions, which carry an electrical current. This spark stimulates nerves and causes muscles to contract, therefore electrolytes are essential to body function. Positive charge: Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Negative charge: Chloride (Cl-) and phosphorus (HPO4^-2).

Electron transport chain- the third and final stage of glucose oxidation. A series of metabolic reactions that transport electrons from NAHD or FADH2 through a series of carriers resulting in ATP production.

Energy- ability to do work.

Enrichment Act- many nutrients are lost through the milling process of grains. Grain/cereal products are enriched with thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and iron. Enriched grains are still deficient in B-6, magnesium, and zinc.

Esophagus- tube moving from the mouth to the stomach. Gastro esophageal sphincter is the circular muscle allowing area to open and close. Also called the cardiac sphincter; prevents the reflux of food.

Essential nutrients- nutrients for which specific biological functions have been identified and which the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities to meet our biological needs. Essential nutrients must be provided through the diet.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) – the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group.

Estrogen- protects women from heart disease.

Fat- energy, structure for cell membranes and hormones. Emulsified in the duodenum, lipase breaks down the rest in the small intestine. The site of absorption for all macronutrients is in the small intestine.

Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed into the lymph and then the blood, requires a protein or lipid carrier for transport, can accumulate in liver or adipose tissue, and is needed in periodic doses (weeks or months). A, D, E, and K.

Fed state- generally an anabolic state, the end products of digestion and absorption are converted into larger, and more chemically complex compounds.

Fiber benefits- Moderates nutrient absorption, reduces the absorption of cholesterol and other sterols, and stimulates the growth of a healthy bacterial population in the colon, and increases softness and volume of stools. May reduce the risk of colon cancer, helps prevent hemorrhoids, constipation, and other intestinal problems, may reduce the risk of diverticulosis, may reduce the risk of heart disease, may enhance weight loss, and may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Food- plants and animals we consume.

Food label components- 1) Manufacturer’s name and address, 2) A statement of identity (product common name), 3) Net contents on the package; Net wt: 14.5 oz. (411 g), 4) Ingredients list- listed in descending order by weight, 5) Nutrition information (Nutrition Facts Panel).

Food Label Requirements-1) Serving size and servings per container- describes the serving size in a common household measure (cup), metric measure (grams), and how many servings are in the package. 2) Calories and calories from fat per serving. 3) List of nutrients- describes various nutrients that are found in this food. Nutrients at the top including total fat, saturated fat, Trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium are nutrients we need to limit. 4) Percent daily values (%DVs) – tells you how much a serving of food contributes to your overall intake of nutrients listed on the label. 5) Footnote- tells you that the %DVs is based on a 2, 000 calorie diet. Also includes a table.

Free radical- a highly unstable atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell. Diseases linked with free radicals include various cancers, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, cataracts, kidney disease, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease.

Gastric reflux- a backflow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus, caused by relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Glucagon- produced when not enough glucose is in the blood.Gets glucose out of cells and into the blood from the liver. Emitted by pancreas.

Gluconeogenesis- anabolic process which produces glucose from non-carbohydrate source.

Glycolysis- catabolism of glucose. Glucose is converted to pyruvate.

Health Claims- Guidelines for making a health claim: Must meet FDA approved definitions. No health claim is allowed if the food contains more than 20% of the DV for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, or sodium. Health claims allowed: Osteoporosis- Good: calcium; Cancer- Bad: fat. Good: fiber, fruits, and vegetables; Cardiovascular disease- Bad: fat, saturated fat. Good: fiber; -Hypertension- Bad: sodium, potassium; -Neural tube defects- Good: folate; Tooth decay- Bad: sugar.

Healthy diet components- Characteristics of a healthy diet: A healthy diet is 1) adequate, 2) moderate, 3) balanced, and 4) varied. An 1) adequate diet provides enough energy, nutrients, fiber, and vitamins to support a person’s health. 2) Moderation refers to eating the right amounts of foods to maintain a healthful weight and optimize the body’s metabolic processes. 3) A balanced diet contains the combination of foods to provide the proper balance of nutrients. 4) Variety refers to eating different foods from the different food groups on a regular basis.

Heat Stroke- characterized by failure of the body’s heat-regulating mechanisms. Occurs in hot and humid environments and has been fatal for athletes exercising in intense heat. Stop exercising when feeling dizzy, light-headed, disoriented, or nauseated, and drink sports drinks with water and electrolytes.

Hunger- a physiologic sensation that prompts us to eat.

Hydrolysis- a catabolic process by which large, chemically complex compounds are broken apart with the addition of water.

Hypertension- a chronic condition characterized by above average blood pressure readings. Defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg. You can reduce hypertension by losing weight, increasing physical activity, reducing alcohol intake, reducing sodium intake for salt sensitive individuals, and eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat protein sources.

Immune system barriers- skin, mucus, membranes, eyes, nose, inside of lungs.

Immune system (nutrients that are helpful) - 1) Vitamin A protects the barrier function of the mucosa. 2) Vitamin C and vitamin E protect phagocytes from reactive oxygen species. 3) Zinc assists immune cell gene expression and protein synthesis. 4) Omega 6 fatty acids produce inflammatory mediators. 5) Omega 3 fatty acids help relieves inflammation.

Incomplete proteins- come from plants. Beans, rice, soy, potatoes.

Inorganic nutrients- a substance or nutrient that does not contain carbon.

Insulin- gets glucose out of the blood and into cells. Emitted by pancreas.

Iodine- iodized salt, seafood, bread, and dairy products.

Iodine deficiency- Hypothyroidism- low thyroid hormone results in low body temperature, cold intolerance, weight loss, fatigue, goiter. Cretinism- mental retardation from iodine deficiency during embryonic development. These infants also experience stunted growth, deafness, and muteness.

Ketones- form when glucose is low and are formed from fat.

Ketone synthesis- production is significantly increased in response to three metabolic situations. 1) High levels of acetyle CoA due to increased fat mobilization, 2) low carbohydrate availability, 3) lack of TCA cycle intermediates, especially oxaloacetate. Ketone bodies are released from the liver into the bloodstream where they can be taken up by the cells and used as an alternative fuel by the brain, kidney cells, and other body cells. Acetyl CoA builds up leading to the synthesis of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies can then be used as alternative fuels.

Kwashiorkor- form of protein – energy malnutrition that is typically seen in developing countries in infants and toddlers (1 to 3 years old) who are weaned early because of the birth of a subsequent child. Denied breast milk, they are fed a cereal diet that provides adequate energy but inadequate protein. All protein is insufficient and is more serious than marasmus.

Large Intestine- Also called the colon. Portion of the intestine that completes the digestion and absorption process.

Lipogensis- synthesis of fatty acids from non-fat sources such as carbohydrates, ketogenic amino acids, and alcohol.

Lipolysis- breakdown of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol.

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) AMDR Recommendations- Carbohydrates: 45-65%; Fat: 20-35%; Protein: 10-35%.

Macronutrients’ calories- Carbohydrates and protein have 4 calories per gram, alcohol has 7 calories per gram, and fat has 9 calories per gram. To find the percent of calories multiply the macronutrient times the correct number of calories per gram, then divide by the total number of calories.

Macular degeneration- a medical condition predominantly found in elderly adults in which the center of the inner lining of the eye, known as the macula area of the retina, suffers thinning, atrophy, and in some cases, bleeding. This can result in loss of central vision, which entails inability to see fine details, to read, or to recognize faces. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, it is the leading cause of central vision loss (blindness) in the United States today for those over the age of fifty years. Risk factors include aging, family history, macular degeneration gene, hypertension, cardiovascular status, high fat intake, oxidative stress, fibulin-5 mutation, race (more popular among whites than blacks), and exposure to sunlight. There are no known cures for macular degeneration.

Manganese- whole-grain foods, brown rice, pineapple, pine nuts, okra, and spinach.

Manganese toxicity- impairs the nervous system causing spasms and tremors mimicking Parkinson’s disease.

Marasmus- a form of protein- energy malnutrition that results from grossly inadequate intakes of protein, energy, and other nutrients. Most common in young children (6 months to 18 months) living in impoverished conditions. Wastes away skeletal muscles, still live for awhile however.

Metabolism- sum of all chemical and physical processes by which the body breaks down and builds up molecules.

Moderate alcohol intake- no more than one drink a day for women, and two drinks a day for men. Why do men and women have different moderate alcohol intakes? The action of gastric ADH will reduce, as opposed to simply delay, the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream. Gastric ADH oxidizes a small percentage of alcohol in the stomach, lowering the amount of alcohol absorbed into the bloodstream by as much as 20%. This enzyme is less active in women so that leaves more alcohol to be absorbed in the bloodstream.

Monounsaturated fat- Good: increases HDL and lowers LDL, good for the heart.

Mouth- digestion begins in the mouth, chewing is mechanical digestion. Salivary amylase is an enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of starch. Mucus moistens food, and the mass of food chewed is called the bolus.

Mucus- the slimy protective secretion of the mucous membranes.

Niacin- meat, fish, and enriched bread products.

Niacin deficiency- diarrhea, dermatitis, abdominal pain, vomiting, inflamed swollen smooth bright red tongue, depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, headache, bilateral symmetrical rash on areas exposed to sunlight, and can lead to death.

Niacin toxicity- typically from supplements, used to treat high cholesterol because it lowers cholesterol. Painful flush, hives, rash, excessive sweating, blurred vision, liver damage, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Nutrients- chemicals found in foods that is critical to human growth and function.

Nutrients that yield energy- Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the only nutrients in foods that provide energy.

Nutrient dense foods- Foods that are “nutrient dense” supply a significant amount of these nutrients for their calories. Examples include whole-grain breads and cereals, rice, beans, pasta, vegetables, and fruits.

Nutrition facts on food labels- The percent daily values are based on a 2, 000 calorie diet, and the footnote at the bottom of the nutrition facts panel illustrates the differences in recommendations between a 2, 000 and 2, 500 calorie diet.

Nutrition information sources- Look for credentials such as RD (registered dietitian) or MD, and affiliations with nationally known health organizations like the American Dietetic Association (ADA), the American Medical Association (AMA), or the American Heart Association (AHA).

Omega 3- non-essential, protects the brain and heart. Ex: fish.

Omega 6- linoleic and linolenic are essential hormones. Ex: canola oils.

Organic nutrients- a substance or nutrient that contains carbon. Organic nutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins.

Osteoporosis- a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and increase in fracture risk. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, low body weight, low calcium intake, low sun exposure, alcohol abuse, history of amenorrhea in women with inadequate nutrition, estrogen deficiency (females), testosterone deficiency (males), repeated falls, and a sedentary lifestyle. Non-modifiable risk factors include older age (elderly), Caucasian or Asian race, history of fractures as an adult, family history, female, and history of amenorrhea in women with no recognizable cause. Although there is no cure for osteoporosis, individuals are encouraged to consume plenty of calcium and vitamin D and to exercise regularly.

Oxaloacetate- three reasons it is low include 1) a low carbohydrate diet, 2) starvation, and 3) diabetes.

Oxidation- molecule giving up an electron is “oxidized.”

Pantothenic acid- whole grains, beef liver, chili con carne, mushrooms, duck, sunflower seeds, yogurt, potatoes, green peas, and turkey.

Passive immunity- provides temporary protection against a disease via antibodies from another human or animal. Breast milk contains antibodies to protect the infant.

Percent Daily Value- information on a nutrition facts panel that identifies how much a serving of food contributes to your overall intake of nutrients listed on the label; based on an energy intake of 2, 000 calories per day.

Peristalsis- wave of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food, chyme, and feces in one direction through the length of the GI tract.

Phytochemicals- chemicals found in plants such as pigments and other substances that may reduce our risk for diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Phytochemicals are found in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, garlic, and soy products.

Polyunsaturated fat- Bad: increases inflammation and cancer. Neutral- no effect on cholesterol.

Prebiotics- fibers that are preferentially fermented by the beneficial lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in gut flora and thus encourage their growth. What probiotics eat.

Probiotics- live beneficial strains of gut bacteria in food or supplements that help maintain a proactive balance in the gut flora. Actual organism. Benefit (under these conditions): 1) Diarrhea in children caused by a rotavirus. 2) Diarrhea associated with use of antibiotic medications in children and adults.3) Traveler’s diarrhea. 4) Inflammatory bowel disease. 5) Infection from Helicobacter pylori, which is the bacteria associated with conditions such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancer. 6) Food allergies. 7) Urinary and genital tract infections in women. Help with intestinal problems.

Protein- building. Digestion begins and ends in the small intestine. The site of absorption for all macronutrients is in the small intestine.

Protein deamination- proteolysis begins by deamination of the amino acids, which removes their amine (NH2) or nitrogen group and leaves a carbon skeleton. The end products of deamination are ammonia (NH3), derived from the amine group and the remaining carbon skeleton, often classified as a keto acid.

Pyridoxine (B6) – tuna, fortified cereals, meat, fish, poultry, starchy vegetables, bananas, and legumes.

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) – the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Rectum or Anus- waste exits.

Reduction- molecule receiving an electron is “reduced.”
Registered Dietitian Requirements-1) Bachelor’s degree in nutrition, 2)Completion of supervised clinical experience, and 3) Passing a national registration examination. Roles of a RD include being a health care provider, researcher, counselor, and teacher.

Relationship between nutrition and diseases- Good nutrition can reduce the risk of diseases associated with deficiencies of vitamins and minerals. Many diseases are directly related to bad nutrition such as hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, marasmus, and kwashiorkor.

Riboflavin (B2) – milk products, yogurts, cheese, eggs, and whole grains.

Riboflavin deficiency- sore throat, swollen mucous membranes, inflamed eyelids and sensitivity to light, reddening of cornea, cracks and redness at corners of mouth, painful smooth purplish red tongue, inflammation characterized by skin lesions covered with greasy scales.

Satiety- the condition of being full or gratified.

Saturated fat- Good: decreases cancer. Bad: increases LDL. Ex: whole cheese, whole milk, whole yogurt, coconut, steaks with fat.

Science of nutrition- scientific study of food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health.

Segmentation- rhythmic contractions of the circular muscles of the intestines that squeeze chyme, mix it, and enhance digestion and absorption of nutrients from the chyme.

Simple carbohydrates- sugars, fructose, sucrose, maltose, fruits, soda, candy, cookies.

Small Intestine- most of the digestion and absorption takes place in the small intestine. Sodium bicarbonate raises pH to 7 or more, and acid chyme is neutralized to basic pH. Bile is needed to bring fat into suspension in water. Bile from the gall bladder. Secretions of pancreas- lipase breaks down lipids and sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the pH. Ileocecal valve connects small intestine to large intestine. Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Starvation- during starvation the energy needs of the body drop a lot. Most cells increase the use of fatty acids for fuel, and conserve the supply of glucose. The brain shifts away from glucose and uses ketone bodies for fuel.

Stomach- strongest muscles and thickest walls of the GI tract organs. Adds juices to the bolus and grinds into semi-solid liquid called chyme. Hydrochloric acids and gastric juices break up protein. Pyloric sphincter connects stomach to small intestine.

Sulfur- synthesized from the protein in our diets.

TCA cycle- eight reactions starting with acetyl Co A and ending with oxaloacetate.

Thiamin- enriched breads and grains, pork, soy milk, acorn, squash, pinto beans, and watermelon.

Thiamin deficiency- beriberi results in muscle wasting and nerve damage.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) – the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Vitamins and Minerals- vitamins and minerals are required for proper metabolism, do not directly provide energy, can be destroyed by conditions including light and heat exposure, are necessary for obtaining energy from the macronutrients, and often function as coenzymes.

Vitamins and minerals interactions: 1) Calcium supplements interfere with absorption of zinc. 2) High levels of phosphate in the U.S. diet interfere with calcium metabolism and contribute to osteoporosis. 3) Vitamins C and E act synergistically with other antioxidants like selenium, beta- carotene, zinc, and copper. It is likely that taking high dosages of these two antioxidants will spare the need for any intake above the Daily Values which should be obtained from a healthy diet. 4) High doses of zinc (on the order of 50 mg/day) can interfere with the absorption of a variety of other important minerals. 5) Other interactions are possible when nutrients are taken in concentrated supplement dosages, which is why it is desirable to obtain the Daily Values for nutrients through a well- balanced diet. 6) The form of a micronutrient usually does not have a significant effect on absorption. 7) Medications can affect your requirement for vitamins and minerals.

Vitamin toxicity causes - toxicity from vitamins is normally caused from taking too much through supplements.

Water balance regulation- refers to the balance between the amount of water consumed and the amount of water excreted. Most people should drink 8 glasses each day; however you should consider your unique conditions to determine how much water to drink each day.

Water, fluid functions: Fluids 1) dissolve and transports substances, 2) fluids account for blood volume, 3) fluids help maintain body temperature, and 4) they protect and lubricate body tissues. 1) Fluids dissolve and transport substances- water is a great solvent because it can dissolve in many different substances including ions, blood, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. 2) Fluids account for blood volume- ant diuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine. 3) Fluids help maintain body temperature- high heat capacity of water allows temperature of body fluids to remain stable. Sweating releases heat as it evaporates and cools the skin and blood. 4) Fluids protect and lubricate body tissues- cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain and spinal column, amniotic fluid protects the fetus, synovial fluid is a lubricant around joints, digestive secretions allow for easy passage of material.

Water loss- most water is lost through urine. Insensible water loss is through evaporation from the skin (sweating) and exhalation from the lungs during breathing. Significant losses of water include exercise, illnesses, injury, surgery, high altitude, and diuretics.

Water requirements- The need for water varies with age, body size, health status, physical activity level, and exposure to environmental conditions. A highly active male athlete training in hot environments will need 10 L of fluid per day, while an inactive small woman living in a mild climate working in a temperature-controlled office may only need 3 L of water per day. The DRI is 2.7 liters for the adult female, and 3.7 liters for the adult male. Factors that increase water needs include age (young or old), diseases that disturb water balance (poorly controlled diabetes), diarrhea and vomiting, hot weather or dry climate, exercise, pregnancy and lactation.

Water soluble vitamins are absorbed directly in the blood, travel freely; excess is excreted in the urine, and is needed in frequent doses (1-3 days). B-complex and Vitamin C.

Water sources- carbonated water that contains carbon dioxide. Mineral waters contain 250-500 parts per million (ppm) of minerals. Distilled water is process so all dissolved minerals are removed. Purified water has been treated so all dissolved minerals and contaminants are removed. Tap water from our homes. Surface water is any water that travels or is stored on top of the ground. This would be the water that is in rivers, lakes, streams, reservoirs, even the oceans–even though we can’t drink salt water. Ground water is any water that is underground is groundwater. Half of the people in the United States use ground water for drinking water.

{shopzilla}

VITAMIN D AND HEALTH: BONES AND BEYOND

Vitamin D also called as vitamin D3 or ‘cholecalciferol’; is a fat-soluble vitamin. Human beings are dependent on the sun exposure to fulfill their needs of vitamin D. It is uv-B radiation that are being absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol present in the skin that aids in converting previtamin D3 to vitamin D3. Vitamin D is essential for the development of bones and also to enhance calcium and phosphorus uptake from the intestine. It assists in the oscillation of calcium ions between bone and blood. It is therefore vitamin D is essential component for all age groups; during infant to childhood stage it plays an essential role in bone development or else its deficiency results in bone deformation and rickets. In adults its deficiency results in softness of bone leading to osteomalacia. (Goldman, 2004).

Vitamin D3 once formed goes into circulation and is converted to 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 in liver, again released in circulation and subsequently converted to the active form of vitamin D, 1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 in kidney. It is observed that Vitamin D deficiency remains unrecognized and therefore its insufficiency is taking a shape of epidemic among children and adults in United States.

Various research studies have been carried out throughout the world to conclude that vitamin D plays an imperative role not only for the bone health but also for various kinds of cancers, diseases related to heart, multiple sclerosis, in type I diabetes, also in various autoimmune diseases encompassing rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, maintenance of suitable blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (30 ng/ml) is very essential. As vitamin D is essential for enhancing intestinal calcium absorption, it’s appropriate level in the blood is also necessary for the formation of extrarenal 1?- hydroxylase which plays an imperative role in the formation of 1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Holick, 2004).

When an individual is exposed to sunlight previtamin D3 and also vitamin D3 forms photoproducts which are biologically inert. Vitamin D intake through diet or that formed in the skin with the help of sunlight come into the blood circulation, it reaches liver where it is metabolised to 25(OH)D3 by vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (25-OHase).  25(OH)D3 is again released in the circulation, it reaches kidney and get converted to 1,25(OH)2D3 in presence of enzyme 25(OH)D3 1 -hydroxylase (1-OHase). The renal production of active form of vitamin D is regulated by a variety of features encompassing serum phosphorus (Pi) and PTH. The active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is now capable of managing the calcium metabolism. It is observed that the enzyme  25(OH)D 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) enzyme which plays a crucial role in generating the active form of vitamin D, works on threshold mechanism to keep the check on the production of 1,25(OH)2D3 and if it is produced in higher quantity, the enzyme aids in the degradation of active vitamin D (Holick, 2004).

Further, it is also documented that 1,25(OH)2D can depress the activity of 1 -OHase, and the parathyroid hormone (PTH) can stimulate this activity. Many extrarenal tissues also express the 1 -OHase, these encompass tissues of bone osteoclasts, tissues of skin, macrophages, placenta, tissues of colon, tissues of brain, tissues of prostate, endothelial tissue, and glandular tissues of parathyroid. Extrarenal formation of 1,25(OH)2D3 might participate in the differentiation and proliferation of cell and also in immune response. Consequently, 1,25(OH)2D3  is essential for various physiological processes apart from its well-known function in calcium metabolism. In contrast to renal 1 -OHase, extrarenal 1 -OHase does not respond to stimulation by PTH. Furthermore, 1 -OHase may vary in expression with the physiologic state of a tissue as well as with disease progression (DeLuca, 2004).

There are various resources of vitamin D, this encompass pure form of Cod liver oil, cooked form of Salmon, Mackerel, Tuna fish and Sardines canned in oil, sardines, margarine fortified, bran flakes, eggs, lamb liver. Fortified foods include milk and milk products especially cheese, orange juice and some breads and cereals (Vitamin D sources- Foods with Vitamin D).

As mentioned, the higher concentration of vitamin D influences the metabolic functions of the body, WHO has recommended intake dose of vitamin D by individuals belonging to different group. Up to the age of 50 years, during pregnancy and lactation the requirement is 200 IU/d, for the age group from 51-65 years it is 400 IU/D for the age of 65+ the requirement exceeds to 600 IU/d (Vitamin D sources- Foods with Vitamin D).

Considering the above data it is manifested that vitamin D is the most essential component for endorsing and preserving the health and vigor of bones as it directly affects the strength of bone in various skeletal and nonskeletal activities of the body encompassing cancers and depression (Lapp, 2009).

Fall in plasma calcium and phosphate level, due to insufficient intestinal absorption, renders stimulation of  parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion to restore serum calcium and bone resorption.

In children, the deficient calcification of osteoid tissues result in bony deformities like bow leg, enlarged skull, spinal curvature, chest deformities and hepatosplenomegaly- characteristic features of Rickets. The reason is lack of appropriate bone tissue mineralization, causing soft bones and skeletal deformities. At-risk children are on prolonged exclusive breast feeding without supplementation of vitamin D. Additional risk factors includes vigorous use of sunscreens, and infants placed in daycares, with chances of sun exposure is reduced. Rickets is more prevalent in the children from Asia, Africa and Middle East (Davidson, 2002).

In adults decalcification and demineralization of bone leads to osteomalacia which is characterized by bone tenderness with pain and loss of bone density.

This disease is characterized by the aches and pains specifically in the lower back and thighs. Later on, it spreads to the arms and the rib cage.  This pain does not radiate to other areas. It is accompanied by the local tenderness in bones. Another cardinal feature is the weakness of the proximal muscles. This represents as a difficulty in climbing up stairs and getting up from a squatting position.

Due to the deformation of bones, lordosis is a common representation. While walking, the patient shows a waddling gate. Pathological fractures due to weight gain may occur. Despite all these typical signs and symptoms, sometimes chronic fatigue may be the only representing sign (Eisman, 1988).

According to an estimate, about more than 25 million adults in United States alone are having or are at risk of developing this disease. This disease is most often associated with an inadequate calcium intake, therefore vitamin D is essential for reducing calcium absorption

Osteoporosis epitomizes reduction in mass of bone, also reduces microarchitectural framework of bone and thereby weakens the tissues of bone and amplifying the risk of fracture. The incidence of osteoporosis and fractures related with osteoporosis raise with age in both males and females, displaying a decline in bone mass with age.

Osteoporosis has emerged as a major health issue in developed nations. It is a condition that depicts frequent fractures, and is expected to influence more of females than males at some stage in their lives. As the age progresses bones become tender leading to osteoporosis in older adults, post menopausal women, non ambulatory individuals and individuals on chronic steroid therapy. The natural rhythm of the body allows a constant remodeling of the bones. In post menopausal women, this ratio is disturbed resulting in a greater amount of bone absorption rather than bone remodeling (Goldman, 2004).

]]>

Calcium 500- 1000 mg daily and vitamin D supplements 20µg daily have an established role in  deterrence of elderly fractures, irrespective of whether or not BMD (Bone Mineral Density) values are reduced. This treatment is effective in reducing the danger of fractures related to hip fractures or other kind of fractures in community-living patients. (Davidson, 2002).

Elevated pervasiveness of lactose intolerance causing undesirable effects with consumption of mild and dairy foods especially in African Americans. Reduced ingestion of vitamin D- equipped food products, predominantly liquefied milk, milk products cereals, because of changing attitude towards health concern and fat intake. Poor intake of calcium rich food encompassing poor intake of milk especially by the young women of reproductive age group thereby reduced concentration of vitamin D and calcium. Augmentation in the use of sun block lotions along with the diminished exposure to sun to avert the chances of skin cancer is also one of the reasons of vitamin D insufficiency. Human milk is meager in vitamin D, in the present era there is enhanced predominance in the duration of breast- feeding ensuing insufficient intake of vitamin D. thus causing low circulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among women. Due to air pollution in industrial areas, the exposure to uv- radiation is reduced and also the poor dietary habits and availability of vitamin D equipped food makes the individual a victim of vitamin D deficiency. In rare cases impaired absorption, enhances body requirement of vitamin D, or enhanced excretion or stringent practice of vegetarianism leads to vitamin D deficiency. In some Arabian countries it is mandatory for women to long robes for religious purpose so their exposure to sun is reduced leading to insufficiency of vitamin D.

(Looker, 2002; Kreiter, 2000; Nesby-O’Dell, 2002).

Vitamin D is responsible for forming and sustaining good health of bones by increasing absorption of calcium from intestine and depositing calcium in bones and maintains optimal BMD (Bone Mineral Density). Observation says that diminished absorption of calcium is related to vitamin D; thereby resulting in loss of bone or enhanced chances of osteoporosis (a situation depicting low BMD). Osteoporosis makes the bone fragile making the individual vulnerable to fractures (Cranney et al, 2007).

It is reported by Holick (2006) that vitamin D deficiency causes various bone related anomalies like osteopenia, osteoporosis apart from osteomalacia, resulting in further weakening of muscles and hence exacerbating the risk of falls and fractures. Under such conditions the recommended dose must be increased to 1000 IU/d.

            While giving the vitamin D supplements, mostly it is accompanied by calcium in order to obtain the desired results. According to a research study, it was concluded that the combined supplementation of both vitamin D3 and calcium in elderly patient aged 62-85yrs resulted in a decrease in the jeopardy of an individual’s falls, fractures, the bone loss within elderly population. The dose of vitamin D was given as 700-800 IU/day and calcium was given as 500-1200 IU/day.

It is now clearly understood the significance and pivotal role that vitamin D holds in retaining the good health of bone. A number of studies and surveys have been carried out, which strengthen this fact even more. Down here are discussed a few of such studies:

People are now a-days much concerned about the sun exposure resulting in skin cancer. It is observed that chronic and extreme exposure to sunlight in childhood and early stages of life causing sunburns may culminate to increased risk for non-melanoma basal and squamous cell carcinomas (Veierod, 2003; Grodstein, 1995; Kennedy, 2003). Various research studies conclude that melanomas occur in the areas which are not exposed to sun indicating that the vitamin D3 is less synthesised; individuals apply sun protection creams which block UVB radiation responsible for the synthesis of vitamin D3 and the hence they may allow other sun radiations which may cause melanomas (Garland, 1993).

It is known that vitamin D3 interacts with nuclear receptor similar to steroid hormones. As soon as it enters the cell, it passes through the road map of microtubular network to the nucleus. In nucleus it binds with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and generates a complex to generate vitamin D responsive gene (Holick, 1999). 

VDR is present in many tissues of body like small and large intestine, osteoblasts, T and B lymphocytes, ?-islets cells, brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate, breast and mononuclear cells (Holick, 1999). Studies shows that when 1,25(OH)2D3 if nurtured with leukemic cells of human and mice origin, arrest the propagation and encourage to form grown-up macrophages (Tanka et al, 1982).

1,25(OH)2D3 has come up with antipropagation action that has been proved through clinical trials in psoriasis management. 1,25(OH)2D3 when topically applied, induced a noteworthy progress in various diseases like plaque thickness, scaling and erythema (Holick, 1998). Therefore, this has become the foremost treatment in psoriasis.

1,25(OH)2D3 is playing an imperative role in providing stimulus to the production of insulin (Lee, 1994), inflecting the activation of both B and T lymphocyte (Tsoukas, 1984), direct effect on myocardial contractility (Weishaar, 1987), effect on prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (Cantorna, 2000) and stimulate secretion of TSH.

It is observed through various research studies that people living in higher latitudes get less exposure to sun, culminating in vitamin D deficiency and hence accounts for higher incidence of breast cancer mortality rate in north Europe (Grant, 2002).

Data from many animal and human studies shows that vitamin D prevents development of type I diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, cancers of colon, breast and prostate, Crohn’s disease, multiple sclerosis (Holick, 2004).

            The required amount of vitamin D is difficult to be met from food alone. In some at-risk groups it becomes necessary to give vitamin D-fortified food, or expose them to sunlight. Various at risk groups for vitamin D inadequacy include:

The human milk provides vitamin D with the concentration of 25 IU/L insufficient for the baby. The results of a recent review revealed that a majority of cases of nutritional rickets were found among young African American breastfed infants. According to the recommendations by AAP it is advised that the partially and exclusively breastfed infants should be supplemented with a daily dosage of 400 IU.

These include:

People exclusively bound to stay in homes Northern latitude inhabitants Women wearing long robes for religious purposes People with occupations preventing sun exposure

All such individuals must obtain the recommended daily supplemented dosage of vitamin D equivalent to 400 IU in order to prevent them from vitamin D deficiency diseases.

These individuals possess a larger amount melanin pigment. Having an excess of this pigment reduces the vitamin D generating ability of skin on sun exposure. It is also suggested in some studies that women of older age, with a darker skin relatively show higher possibility of developing deficiency of vitamin D. Yet, it is seen that the African Americans, possessing a darker skin, despite having a lower level of vitamin D than required, develop fewer osteoporotic fractures compared with the Caucasians (Eisman, 1988).

Fat solubility of vitamin D demands a little fat in the diet to be absorbed well in the gut. Individuals having decreased vitamin D absorption capability need the its supplementation in order to meet its demands. Some of the diseases leading to fat malabsorption include:

Liver diseases Cystic fibrosis and

            Obese people also come under at risk individual’s group for vitamin D inadequacy. This is thought to be true for people with a BMI > 30. As their obesity increases, the level of vitamin D in their body decreases. This is because of an increase in the body fat. The reason behind is greater amount of subcutaneous fat sequester more of the vitamin and affect its release in to the circulation. BMI is inversely related with the peak serum concentrations of vitamin D, thus sometimes even the oral supplementation in such individuals causes sequestration of the vitamin into the larger fat pools of the body.

Such individuals are prone to develop a deficiency of vitamin D because part of upper small intestine, where vitamin D gets absorbed is bypassed. Thus, they also require the oral supplementation of vitamin D.

            Older adults come under the endangered groups in case of developing deficiency of vitamin D; because, with an increasing age, the skin loses its ability to synthesize vitamin D from sunlight. Also, there becomes a decreased ability to convert vitamin D in kidneys into live hormone.

Initially it was thought vitamin D is imperative only for preventing rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults or osteoporosis in elderly group or is responsible for bone health but now it is established fact that vitamin D is imperative for metabolic processes. Deficiency of vitamin D and reduced solar UVB exposure increases the risk of various widespread cancers or type I diabetes, various autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia. Various studies demonstrate that vitamin D has evolved as a vital and necessary hormone, which acts as a marker for the overall health and well being of an individual. It is therefore important to maintain normal vitamin D level of 75-125nmol/L. It is therefore mandatory that one must get the plasma levels of 25(OH)D checked and it should be part of routine checkups. 

Cantorna, MT, Munsick, C, Bemiss, C, Mahon, BD., 2000. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents and ameliorates symptoms of experimental murine inflammatory bowel disease. J Nutr, 130, 2648–52. Davidsons, 2002. Principles and Practice of Medicine, 19th Edition, Churchill Livingstone. DeLuca, HF., 2004. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 1689S–96S. Eisman, JA., 1988. “Osteomalacia”. Baillières Clin Endocrinol Metab (1), 125–5 Garland, CF., Garland , FC., Gorham, ED., 1993. Rising trends in melanoma. An Hypothesis concerning sunscreen effectiveness. Ann Epidemio,. 3(4),451. Goldman, A., 2004. Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd edition. Volume 2. Saunders: An Imprint of Elsvier. Grant, WB. 2002. An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Cancer, 94,1867–75. Grodstein, F, Speizer, FE, Hunter, DJ., 1995. A prospective study of incident squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the Nurses’ Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst, 87:10616. Holick, MF., 1998. Clinical efficacy of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues in the treatment of psoriasis. Retinoids, 14, 12–7. Holick, MF., 1999. ed. Vitamin D: physiology, molecular biology, and clinical applications. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 109–28. Holick, MF., 2004. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 362–71. Holick, MF, 2006. The role of vitamin D for bone health and fracture prevention Current Osteoprors. Rep, 4(3), 96-102. Kennedy, C., Bajdik, CD., Willemze, R., de Gruijl, FR., Bavinck, JN., 2003. The influence of painful sunburns and lifetime of sun exposure on the risk of actinic keratoses, seborrheic warts, melanocytic nevi, atypical nevi and skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol, 120, 1087–93. Lapp, JL., 2009. Vitamin D: Bone Health and Beyond. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, Vol. 3 (5), 386-393. Lee, S, Clark, SA, Gill, RK, Christakos, S., 1994. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and pancreatic ß-cell function: vitamin D receptors, gene expression, and insulin secretion. Endocrinology, 134:1602–10 Lips. P., Bouillon, R., Van Schoor, NM., Vanderschueren, S., Kuchuk, N., Milisen, K., Boonen, S., Reducing fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D. [Online] 2009 [cited October 15th, 2009]. Available from:

17.Kreiter, SR., Schwartz, RP., Kirkman, HN., Charlon, PA., Calikoglu, AS., Davenport, ML., 2000. Nutritional rickets in African-American breast-fed infants. J Pediatr, 137, 153–7.

18. Nesby-O’Dell, S., Scanlon, KS., Cogswell, ME., et al., 1988-1994. Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Am J Clin Nutr, 76, 187–92.

20. Tanaka, H., Abe, E., Miyaura, C., et al. 1982. 1,25-Dihydroxycholeciferol and human myeloid leukemia cell line (HL-60): the presence of cytosol receptor and induction of differentiation. Biochem J, 204, 713–9.

22. Tsoukas, CD., Provvedine, DM., Manolagas, SC., 1984. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, a novel immuno-regualtory hormone. Science, 221, 1438–40.

23. Veierod, MB., Weiderpass, E., Thorn, M., et al. 2003. A prospective study of pigmentation, sun exposure, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:1530–8.

24. Weishaar, RE., Simpson, RU., 1987. Involvement of vitamin D3 with cardiovascular function. II. Direct and indirect effects. Am J Physiol,

{shopzilla}

More Vitamins Articles

Taken on My Blackberry.

Question by msclem: How to combine nutrition and maternal health interests?
I am currently a junior in a dietetics program, exploring my future career options.

My passions I would like to combine into a career are general nutrition, maternal nutrition, new mother counseling, and newborn-infant nutrition.

I have thought of becoming a midwife, but that doesn’t completely encompass my interests. Also, I am not looking into becoming an obstetrician at this point.

Anyone have any insight? Suggestions? Programs that might be beneficial? Thanks!

Best answer:

Answer by Emily M
How about maternal and child health nursing? Or maternal and child health at a school of public health?

Know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

Best answer:

Answer by virtual insanity
I would rather be a little underweight than a little overweight. I read the study linking low body weight to longevity and found it surprising. I have always been slightly underweight. For me, it is a matter of preference. I know I have a healthy diet. I know I am active. I also know I have a strong genetic link to cancer, heart disease and diabetes. So, I am more comfortable on the low side of my BMI than the high. However, I don’t think its healthy to diet your whole life away…so those who are a few pounds above healthy might just be better off embracing the weight. Mentally and emotionally (as well as physically, in say the heart), we compromise our health with all the dieting and obsessing. I think finding a healthy lifestyle that is maintainable is highly preferable to obsessing over every inch, pound and jean’s size.

So, imo, love those extra curves.

Add your own answer in the comments!

LifeSpan TR 800 Folding Treadmill

• Folding treadmill with 1.75-horsepower continuous-duty motor
• Blue backlit LCD console tracks your time, calories, distance, speed, and more
• 17 preset programs, 2 heart rate programs, and 2 custom programs
• Cushioned 18-by-52-inch running deck; EZ Drop lift-assist system
• 275-pound capacity; measures 66 x 54 x 31 inches (W x H x D)
• Fitness Professor Review "Head of the Class" Award winner for Treadmill Under $1,000 for 2010

Review of Key Fitness Health Trainer 2.0 Treadmill

It seems that health and exercise clubs are becoming more and more crowded these days, making it a challenge to get a decent workout with the increasing competition for fitness machines. When our local gym became so congested with new members that I actually got my exercise walking from the parking lot to the gym door because I had to park so far away, I knew it was time to start seriously looking at home exercise equipment.

Being an avid walker, I needed a piece of exercise equipment to use on days when the weather made outdoor walking difficult. A treadmill seemed like a great alternative and it would allow me to save money by cancelling my gym membership.I enthusiastically began my research on the available models of treadmill.

After doing basic research and discovering the wide price range available for treadmills. (some of the more expensive models can run up to .000), I was quite pleased to find the more affordable Keys Fitness Health Trainer 2.0. It’s sleek and streamlined look were appealing and the listed features seems to meet my fitness needs.

I needed a treadmill that was relatively quiet since I exercise early in the morning when my family is still asleep. This model definitely fits the bill and it has a smooth, comfortable feel when walking rapidly. I have walked on advanced treadmills at our health club which would have sold for three times the price of this one which were far more jerky. I was impressed with it’s smooth, quiet operation and streamlined appearance.

I’m particular about the type of information displayed on the console. After all if I’m going to work that hard, I want to be able to monitor important parameters such as distance traveled, calories burned, time, and speed. This model conveniently displays all of these so you can closely monitor the progress of your exercise. You also have access to an incline display, a visual track display as well as buttons for increasing and decreasing speed and incline. A pause button and a stop button will allow you to stop your workout quickly if the need should arise.

I was disappointed to find there was no heart rate monitor on this model. After contemplating this point for awhile, I decided this was a feature I could live without since the model offered so many other great features.

As far as programs go, you can use the treadmill on manual mode which allows you to select the speed and incline or you can choose between the fat burn, cardio, or warm-up programs. You also have the option of creating six custom designed programs personalized to your own fitness needs. This gives you more than enough options to customize your routine and give some day to day variation to your workout routine.

The company provides you with a 10 year warranty on the motor, a 1 year parts warranty as well as a lifetime warranty on the frame. This is more than generous for a treadmill that sells at this price.

I found this treadmill to be both easy to be super easy to set up. It’s a huge bonus that the treadmill comes already assembled, eliminating the hassle of “self assembly”. (It’s never as quick and easy as the manual says it will be!) It’s always a bonus when you don’t have to struggle with assembly!

All in all, I found this treadmill model to be pretty much hassle and maintenance free with a generous warranty should something go wrong. I would definitely purchase from this company again.

One word of warning, if you’re a runner, you might want to consider a different model. Generally, running requires a treadmill deck length of 60 inches or greater. The deck on the this particular model only measures a little over 50 inches which makes it most suitable for walking.

Overall, having a treadmill has been an overall positive as I’m now able to exercise anytime I wish without having to conform to “health club hours.” It makes working out as easy as walking down the hall to my trusty treadmill! I would recommend giving this little gem serious consideration.

{shopzilla}

Join us for an in depth look at Elite Taekwondo in Sugarland, Texas. Olympic coach and founder Master Paris Amani explains how Elite Taekwondo is much more than a martial art or sport. It’s an education in life. Listen to testimonials from students who have trained under Master Amani and their families and find out about the exciting new partnership Elite now has with Lifetime Fitness and their locations in and around Houston, Texas.

In addition to the rejuvenation of the outdoor pool, our fitness center has been completely renovated, including new equipment and new locker rooms. The fitness centre is now accessible 24/7.

Health and Home Gym Equipments

Health and Home Gym Equipments

Free Online Articles Directory

Why Submit Articles?
Top Authors
Top Articles
FAQ
ABAnswers

Publish Article

0 && $ .browser.msie ) {
var ie_version = parseInt($ .browser.version);
if(ie_version Login

Login via

Register
Hello
My Home
Sign Out

Email

Password


Remember me?
Lost Password?

Home Page > Health > Wellness > Health and Home Gym Equipments

Categories
AdvertisingArts & EntertainmentAutomotiveBeautyBusinessCareersComputersEducationFinanceFood and BeverageHealthHobbiesHome and FamilyHome ImprovementInternetLawMarketingNews and SocietyRelationshipsSelf ImprovementShoppingSpiritualitySports and FitnessTechnologyTravelWriting

]]>

Health and Home Gym Equipments

By: Sam Seoud
Posted: Mar 14, 2011

Good health is prime requirement to live a smooth life. Modern stress has made a lot impact on human life. Fast Junk food has increased the level of obesity among the people. Technology even played a big role in making human life easy but due to this it has been created big side effects and great dangers to human health by not performing the regular body parts movements, which is basically required to strengthen muscles and heart to function proper for blood circulation evenly to each corner of body. This has increased the drastic ratio of human weaknesses suffering from great diseases now a day. Now people are realizing their mistakes and importance of daily exercises which is a great tonic to be fit and to be in shape for best performance at work and home.

You can perform these exercises by your own way individually or in group. Most people prefer morning and evening walk or run as per the convenience. Some people prefer to do the same in group. This may be good enough for old age for those who are not capable of performing better exercises due to the age factor. But for young generation or middle age people, they must opt some better options like exercises with fitness equipment to give regular movement tonic to each body part function well with good blood circulation and muscle building. These exercises you can perform at home or in gym as per the convenience. Those who feel laziness to perform the daily exercises at home; they must join gym as in group they get encouragement and proper training for systematic exercises. Those who are regular and committed to the health matter, they can buy fitness equipments for home and can save time and get convenience for exercises. In this matter affordability and space to keep fitness equipment in home is also important factor for consideration with positive factors of saving time, at convenience and can use the clean fitness equipment due to one hand use. In the case of home gym equipments one can buy limited no. of fitness equipments due to the budget and space where as in gym you can get end no. of gym equipments to perform various exercises with motivational factors and systematic training to use the gym equipment. Thus there are pros and cons of both the options whichever is better for you to use home gym equipment or Gym fitness equipment.

There are various types of fitness equipments are available covering exercises of whole body parts. Muscles and heart strengthening and proper blood circulation etc are the main objectives for these exercises. International and local markets are flooded with the best quality exercise equipments with guarantee at discounted rates like kettlebell, dumbbells, Olympic weight plate, barbells, multi gyms, power racks, weight benches, medicine balls, inversion table , boxing equipment, crossfit equipment, treadmill, elliptical cross trainers, exercise bike, spin bikes rowing machine and aerobic step. Online gym equipment buying market is also not behind. Each of the above mentioned fitness equipment is for specific body organ exercise. You can select the type of home gym equipment as per your body requirement consulting with your physician or fitness trainer. There are also best sellers exercise guide books are available in the market describing the usage of these fitness equipments at best level covering as major body organs. Many gym equipments need to handle carefully under trainer observation as wrong exercise or usage may tend to damage the body part. Some of the fitness equipments can use easily without any skilled guidance also. Thus select the best fitness equipment for your requirement. Get good training guidance, do regular fitness exercise and live happy life for long.

Sam Seoud – About the Author:

World Fitness is an Australian based online store of fitness equipment that provides gym equipment, weight loss gym equipments, equipments for cardio, strength training equipment including treadmill, bench, kettlebells, classic kettlebells, dumbbells, barbells, weight plates, multistation home gym and many more.  SEO services provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO, Opal Infotech, India.

Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/wellness-articles/health-and-home-gym-equipments-4402276.html

]]>

Increase your traffic today just by submitting articles with us, click here to get started.

Liked this article? Click here to publish it on your website or blog, it’s free and easy!

Rate this Article

1
2
3
4
5

vote(s)
0 vote(s)

Feedback
Print

Article Tags:
gym equipment, gym equipments, fitness equipment, fitness equipments, kettlebell, kettlebells, home gym equipment, commercial gym equipment, home fitness equipment

Latest Wellness Articles
More from Sam Seoud

New Years DC Housework Exercise Plan

Before you start cleaning, set a timer to find out how long it takes you to clean your entire new years dc house. Now, multiply the number of minutes on the timer by two and do that many jumping jacks.

By: Kelsey

Health >
Wellness
May 26, 2011

Playing Baseball this Baseball Season

As spring rolls around you may find that you are interested in playing baseball. This article describes how you can go about preparing your body and mind to be a good baseball player.

By: Cade Lennox

Health >
Wellness
May 26, 2011

An Insight into Niacin

Niacin is also referred to as Vitamin B3. It is one of the eight water soluble B Vitamins. It is dispersed throughout the body and the effect remains for a stretch of 14-18 hours after ingestion. However, it cannot be stored in the body like the fat-soluble supplements. Since your system cannot store niacin, it is important to consume food supplements containing vitamin B3 everyday to reload the vitamin needs of your body.

By: Brenda Rusnak

Health >
Wellness
May 26, 2011

Lower Your Cholesterol Level: Things To Avoid

Is your Cholesterol level to high? About half of all American adults have cholesterol levels categorized as high. That means there’s a high probability that yours may just be higher than you think. So if you haven’t had yours checked recently, don’t ignore it any further.

By: Sandra Essex

Health >
Wellness
May 26, 2011

Weight Workout Routines – Its All About The Right Information

Fitness is about a combination of Weight loss, fat burn, strength training and weight workout routines. But it also about getting the right information to enable you to engage in these prgrams safely and without injury.

By: Stephen J Skyvington-Diplock

Health >
Wellness
May 26, 2011

Best Gym Fitness Equipment – Kettlebell

Fitness online store offers gym equipments including fitness equipment, kettlebells, home gym equipment, commercial gym equipment. Buy cheap fitness equipment like dumbbells, olympic weight plate, barbells, multi gyms, power racks, weight benches from worldfitness.com.au in Australia.

By: Sam Seoud

Health >
Wellness
Apr 06, 2011

Fitness Equipment, Exercise Equipment, KettleBells, Gym Equipment

Fitness online store offers fitness equipment, gym equipment, exercise equipment, home gym eauipment, commercial gym equipment including kettlebell, barbell, dumbbell, treadmill, weight bench, cable attachments, exercise bike etc by worldfitness.com.au.

By: Sam Seoud

Sports and Fitness >
Equipment
Apr 01, 2011

Fitness Equipment – Kettlebell

Gym Equipments provider offers best gym equipment and fitness equipments for home and commercial usage including kettlebell, classic kettlebells, boxing equipments, Crossfit Exercise Equipments, barbell, dumbbell, weight plate, cable attachments, medicine ball, exercise bike, spin bike, Olympic multi gym, rowing machine and accessories from World Fitness Online Store, Australia

By: Sam Seoud

Health >
Men’s Health
Mar 29, 2011

Gym Equipment, Exercise Equipment

Offers fitness equipment, gym equipment, exercise equipment, cardio equipments, strength equipments, weight training equipments, kettlebells, equipments for performing aerobics, yoga, boxing equipment, treadmills, dumbbells, fitness accessories, exercise bikes, crossfit exercise equipments by worldfitness.com.au.

By: Sam Seoud

Health >
Men’s Health
Mar 29, 2011

Gym Fitness Equipment – Vibration Platform, Vibration Machine, Inversion Table

Gym Equipments provider offers best gym equipment and fitness equipments for home and commercial usage including kettlebell, classic kettlebells, vibration platform, vibration machine, inversion table, trampoline, weight bench, power rack, barbell, dumbbell, weight plate, cable attachments, medicine ball, exercise bike, spin bike, Olympic multi gym, rowing machine and accessories from World Fitness Online Store, Australia.

By: Sam Seoud

Health >
Wellness
Mar 23, 2011

Comments on this article [0]
Add new Comment

Related Videos

How to Burn Calories with Gym Equipment

How to Choose Home Gym Equipment

How to Choose a Gym

Ask a question

Ask our experts your Wellness related questions here…

200 Characters left

Related Questions

If one signs a health service (gym )contract,withuot regestration fees and fails to take the service due to tatal luck of money,does the service provider have to claim the payments for six months
Are home health care expenses deductible ?
I am a new nurse in home health two months and the DON took away my patient cases because she said she need a more experience nurse. I can understand but what did i do so terribly wrong

]]>

Related Articles
Home Gym Equipment, Commercial Gym Equipment
Gym Equipment – Home Gym Equipment, Commercial Gym Equipment
Gym Equipments
Fitness Equipment – Kettlebell
Gym Equipment, Exercise Equipment
Best Gym Fitness Equipment – Kettlebell

Need Help?
Contact Us
FAQ
Submit Articles
Editorial Guidelines
Blog

Site Links
Recent Articles
Top Authors
Top Articles
Find Articles
Site Map
Mobile Version

Webmasters
RSS Builder
RSS
Link to Us

Business Info
Advertising

Use of this web site constitutes acceptance of the Terms Of Use and Privacy Policy | User published content is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Copyright © 2005-2011 Free Articles by ArticlesBase.com, All rights reserved.

{shopzilla}